| Mechanism of Action | Levofloxacin is a broad spectrum antibacterial agent. It act by inhibiting the enzyme DNA gyrase (Topoisomerase 2) and Topoisomerase 4.DNA gyrase helps in the formation of a highly condensed three dimensional structure of the DNA by its nicking and closing activity and also by introducing negative supercoil in to the DNA double helix. Levofloxacin inhibits DNA gyrase which results in abnormal linkage between opened DNA and gyrase and negative supercoiling is also impaired. This will inhibits transcription of DNA in to RNA and subsequent protein synthesis. |
| PharmacoKinetics | Absorption: It is rapidly and completely absorbed after oral administration.
Distribution: It is distributed widely in the body. Metabolism: It undergoes insignificant metabolism in the liver. Excretion: Drug is excreted mainly through urine. |
| Half-life | 6-8 hours |
| Adverse Effects | 1. Nausea 2. Vomiting 3. Diarrhoea 4. Abdominal discomfort 5. Restlessness 6. Dizziness 7. Drowsiness 8. Arthralgia 9. Rash 10. Confusion 11. Insomnia 12. Anorexia 13. Bad taste 14. Headache 15. Photosensitivity. |
| Special Precautions | 1.Hepatic impairment 2.Renal impairment 3.Epilepsy 4.Cerebral arteriosclerosis 5. Caution while driving the vehicle or operating machine or involved in any hazardous activities. 6. Avoid exposure to sun light 7. CNS disease |
| Pregnancy | Contraindicated |
| Breastfeeding | Contraindicated |
| Old Age | Use with caution |
| Children | Contraindicated. |
| Contraindications | Hypersensitivity to Levofloxacin and other Fluoroquinolones |
| Indications | 1.Sinusitis 2.Bronchitis 3.Pneumonia 4.Urinary tract infection 5.Traveler`s diarrhoea 6.Skin and soft tissue infections |
| Dosage & Administration | Adults: Dose is determined on the basis of severity of the infection, type of infecting organism, age, weight and renal function of the patient.
Sinusitis, Bronchitis, Pneumonia, Skin and soft tissue infections: 500 mg daily for 1 – 2 week Urinary tract infection: 250 mg / day for 10 days Traveler`s diarrhoea: 500 mg / day along with Loperamide |
| Schedule | H |
| Storage | Store at 25 – 30°C in a tightly closed container. |
| Overdose | Give supportive measures and symptomatic treatment. Empty the stomach. Maintain appropriate hydration. |
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